![]() I served as the principal investigator of this trial at the Lundquist Institute. The hormonal contraceptive candidate furthest along in development is currently in an ongoing second stage clinical study that has recruited over 400 couples across four continents. The addition of a progestin further enhances the suppression of sperm production. Counterintuitively, taking testosterone may also help suppress sperm production, because increasing circulating testosterone levels above a certain level suppresses the same two pituitary hormones. While the testes require high concentrations of testosterone to make sperm, testosterone is typically included in hormonal methods to ensure that there is an adequate level of the hormone for other bodily functions. The progestin suppresses two pituitary hormones that control the testes, the organs that produce sperm. ![]() These methods typically contain testosterone and a progestin. Hormonal methods are usually taken as a gel applied to the skin, injection to the muscle or oral pill. Researchers are currently looking into several different methods of male contraception. Companies may also be concerned about liability if pregnancy occurs. Other reasons include uncertainties about who would dispense these drugs and unclear regulatory requirements for male contraceptive methods to receive FDA approval. One reason includes weighing the cost of development with uncertainties about the potential market. ![]() Lack of interest from pharmaceutical companies may also play a role in deterring male contraception development, and there are a number of possible reasons the drug industry shies away from male birth control. Limited financial resources further slow down development. However, these agencies frequently do not have a drug development infrastructure comparable to pharmaceutical companies, with programs typically run by only a handful of personnel assisted by clinical research organizations. Male contraception development has primarily been supported by governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization working with academic medical centers. Scientists have been trying to develop male birth control pills for decades. who are looking for new methods of contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies. This translates to an estimated 17 million men in the U.S. Of those dissatisfied with condoms, however, 87% percent are interested in new methods for male contraception. Men who are dissatisfied with condoms are more likely to either use withdrawal as a form of birth control or never use contraception. Taking responsibility for family planningĪ 2017 survey of 1,500 men ages 18 to 44 found that over 80% wanted to prevent their partner from getting pregnant and felt that they had shared or sole responsibility for birth control. ![]() I believe that new safe, reversible and affordable contraception options can help men participate and share contraceptive responsibilities with their partners, and reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies. I, along with my team, have been developing male contraception methods since the 1970s. There has not been a new form of male birth control since the introduction of the " no-scalpel vasectomy" in the 1980s. Neither vasectomies nor withdrawal protect against sexually transmitted infections. ![]() Vasectomies have a failure rate of less than 1%, but they require minimally invasive surgery and are seen as a permanent method of contraception. Condoms have a failure rate of only 2% when used correctly, but that rate rises to 13% based on how people typically use them. Withdrawal has a failure rate of about 20%. Two options, withdrawal and condoms, both have high failure rates. But for men and people who produce sperm, options have been limited. Women and people who can become pregnant have a number of effective birth control methods available, including oral pills, patches, injections, implants, vaginal rings, IUDs and sterilization. ![]()
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