![]() ![]() However, these studies lack comprehensiveness and completeness. Some efforts attempted to provide a common understanding of ECG monitoring systems’ processes, guiding the design of efficient monitoring systems. This massive diversity in ECG monitoring systems’ contexts, technologies, computational schemes, and purposes makes it hard for researchers and professionals to design, classify, and analyze ECG monitoring systems. They have also evolved to serve purposes and targets other than disease diagnosis and control, including daily activities, sports, and even mode-related purposes. In addition, they implement various computational settings in terms of processing frequencies, as well as monitoring schemes. They also employ a wide range of technologies such as IoT, edge computing, and mobile computing. Nowadays, ECG monitoring systems are used in hospitals, homes, outpatient ambulatory settings, and in remote contexts. ![]() This, in turn, would introduce a new era of smart, proactive healthcare especially with the great challenge of limited medical resources.Īs a result, ECG monitoring systems have been developed and widely used in the healthcare sector for the past few decades and have significantly evolved over time due to the emergence of smart enabling technologies. With advances in sensor technology, communication infrastructure, data processing, and modeling as well as analytics algorithms the risk of impairments could be better addressed more than ever done before. Hence, the monitoring of physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, offers a new holistic paradigm for the assessment of CVDs, supporting disease control and prevention. Experimental evidence has shown that many of the CVDs could be better diagnosed, controlled, and prevented through continuous monitoring, as well as analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Ĭontinuous heart rate monitoring and immediate heartbeat detection are primary concerns in contemporary healthcare. ![]() This accounts for 45% of all deaths in Europe and 37% of all deaths in the EU. Furthermore, the European Health Network European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2017 edition revealed that CVDs cause 3.9 million deaths in Europe and over 1.8 million deaths in the European Union (EU) yearly. ![]() It remains the number one cause of death of all Americans, claiming more than 840,000 lives in 2016. Those involving the heart include heart failure, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart diseases, stroke, heart attack, and arrhythmias.Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, with 17.9 million deaths every year. CVDs involving the blood vessels are known as vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease. CVDs are disorders affecting the blood vessels and the heart. The last decade has witnessed an increasing number of deaths caused by chronic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in all countries across the world. Finally, we identify key challenges and emphasize the importance of smart monitoring systems that leverage new technologies, including deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI), Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT), to provide efficient, cost-aware, and fully connected monitoring systems. Hence, a generic architectural model for ECG monitoring systems is proposed, an extensive analysis of ECG monitoring systems’ value chain is conducted, and a thorough review of the relevant literature, classified against the experts’ taxonomy, is presented, highlighting challenges and current trends. This provides evidence-based support for critically understanding ECG monitoring systems’ components, contexts, features, and challenges. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive, expert-verified taxonomy of ECG monitoring systems and conduct an extensive, systematic review of the literature. This accentuates the need for a verified reference guiding the design, classification, and analysis of ECG monitoring systems, serving both researchers and professionals in the field. Hence, it is very hard for researchers and healthcare experts to choose, compare, and evaluate systems that serve their needs and fulfill the monitoring requirements. The number of ECG monitoring systems in the literature is expanding exponentially. The electrocardiogram (ECG) has always been a popular measurement scheme to assess and diagnose cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Health monitoring and its related technologies is an attractive research area. ![]()
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